The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is seeking feedback on changes to the regulation of land-applied biosolids including new thresholds for chemical contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and requirements for testing and reporting.
Biosolids are organic waste that results from sewage treatment processes and can be used to improve soil fertility. Around half of all biosolids in NSW are used on agricultural land.
NSW EPA Executive Director Regulatory Practice & Services, Steve Beaman, said that proposed changes to the EPA’s biosolids resource recovery order and exemption follow the latest advice.
“As we gain information about emerging chemicals of concern in biosolids, it is important that we revise our approach to make sure our regulation and our risk response is fit for purpose,” Mr Beaman said.
“We need to ensure that human health and the environment are protected while also supporting the beneficial reuse of biosolids.
“We want to hear from industry and the community on what these changes will mean for them.”
The proposed changes include:
- Limits for PFAS and a group of flame retardants called polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
- Requirements for monitoring and reporting of PFAS and PBDEs along with emerging chemicals of concern Galaxolide (a synthetic fragrance) and triclosan (an antimicrobial agent).
- New rules requiring in-soil testing at the biosolids application site that considers levels of PFAS to ensure application rates are sustainable and beneficial.
Mr Beaman said the changes were backed by the EPA’s own risk assessments and with contemporary science on new contaminants.
“The PFAS National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) 3.0 provides nationally agreed guidance on the management of PFAS in the environment”” Mr Beaman said.
“These new monitoring and reporting requirements will also provide important data to inform our future regulatory approach to limit the spread of these emerging chemicals of concern.
“These regulatory changes are the next step as the EPA continues to progress a full review of the Biosolids Guidelines.”
In July, the EPA commenced a targeted audit program to assess how biosolids are managed, processed and applied to agricultural land across the state under the Resource Recovery Orders (RRO) and Resource Recovery Exemptions (RRE).
PFAS has been used in a wide range of products including as waterproofing agents, in non-stick cookware, textiles and carpets. As a result, PFAS is commonly detected in low concentrations in the environment. Galaxolide and triclosan are used in products such as soaps and detergents. PBDEs are used as flame retardants.
Public consultation on the revised draft resource recovery order and exemption is open until Friday 26 September 2025. Head to the EPA website to have your say. Revised draft resource recovery order and exemption for biosolids | NSW Environment Protection Authority
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