A new study into the clinical effectiveness of a rural Birthing on Country service - compared to mainstream maternity services - has revealed First Nations women had significantly more normal vaginal births, were more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding upon hospital discharge, and had greater engagement with culturally safe wellbeing programs.
The study, led by Charles Darwin University’s (CDU) Molly Wardaguga Institute for First Nations Birth Rights and Waminda South Coast Women’s Health and Wellbeing Aboriginal Corporation, evaluated the clinical effectiveness and wrap-around supports provided to women and their Aboriginal families by Waminda.
Waminda, located in Nowra, New South Wales, is an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (ACCHO) providing integrated culturally safe primary health services to Aboriginal women and their families, a crucial component of which is its Birthing on Country program.
The study, which was published in The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific journal, compared Waminda’s Birthing on Country service, outcomes and frequency of wrap-around services used by women pregnant with Aboriginal babies to standard hospital maternity care.
From 2018 to 2022, Waminda provided continuity of midwifery care in pregnancy and postnatally, with women giving birth at the local hospital with an unknown midwife.
Results showed that infants born within Waminda’s integrated care and standard care had similar odds of being born preterm. However, babies who were cared for by Waminda had higher odds of being exclusively breastfed at discharge at 75.6 per cent compared to 63.3 per cent with standard care.
Women in the Waminda cohort were more likely to have spontaneous onset of labour at 48.9 per cent, and spontaneous vaginal births at 71.7 per cent, with the odds of using epidural pain relief reduced by 39 per cent compared to standard care.
Of significance, more than 90 per cent of women who were receiving Waminda’s maternity care also received additional support from at least one of Waminda’s comprehensive wrap-around services, with some women receiving services from up to six different Waminda programs during pregnancy.
This demonstrates the strength of Waminda’s holistic, community-controlled model, which addresses clinical care and broader social and structural factors shaping women’s lives, from poverty and unemployment to domestic and family violence and social and emotional wellbeing.
Lead author Yu Gao, who is a Professor – Health Services Redesign (Maternal, Infant and Child Health) with the Molly Wardaguga Institute said the results provided significant insights into creating effective models of care and support for expectant mothers.
“For the first time, we’ve been able to quantify Waminda’s wrap-around programs and use network analysis to visually demonstrate how different programs interact to support women throughout pregnancy and after birth,” Professor Gao said.
"What we have learned, we can apply to other Birthing on Country sites.”
The Molly Wardaguga Institute is Australia's leader in Birthing on Country research, and of note launched the National Roadmap for Birthing on Country Services 2025-2035, that as co-designed by more than 300 stakeholders.
Waminda’s Birthing on Country Executive Manager Melanie Briggs said it was a priority for women to receive continuity of midwifery care and culturally safe care.
“In 2024, Waminda successfully launched its 24/7 Minga Gudjaga Midwifery Practice, where women receive continuity of midwifery care from a known midwife from conception to six weeks postpartum. The enhanced service delivery, is anticipated to improve outcomes for women and their Aboriginal babies.” Ms Briggs said.
Ms Briggs highlighted that Waminda’s wrap-around support programs provide strength-based care that addresses the social determinants of health affecting women’s lives. This approach is a key point of difference between Aboriginal community-controlled services and standard hospital-based maternity care.”
Molly Wardaguga Institute Director Professor Yvette Roe said the study reinforces the importance of Aboriginal leadership in maternity care.
“When Aboriginal communities lead maternity services, women are better supported to birth and care for their babies in culturally safe ways,” Professor Roe said.
“This study highlights the strength of community-controlled care and the vital role of wrap-around supports for Aboriginal families.”
“If governments are committed to closing the gap in maternal and child health, Birthing on Country must be implemented nationally and properly funded. Investment should flow to the Aboriginal Community-Controlled sector, where services are designed by community, for community.”
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Charles Darwin University acknowledges all First Nations people across the lands on which we live and work, and we pay our respects to Elders both past and present.
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